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Angina Terms
(what do those medical words mean?)
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Some of the words used to describe angina and heart disease can be confusing or difficult to understand. We'll list some of the more common terms used by internists and cardiologists to describe heart conditions, hopefully making your conversations with your health care providers a little more productive.
| Angio... |
Pertaining to blood vessels |
| Angina (aka angina pectoris) |
Pain or discomfort in the chest, arms, jaw stemming from lack of blood to the heart. |
Anginography
(Cardiac catheterization)
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The word 'graph' means to write. Angiography visualizes the blood vessels, usually with a dye X-Ray study
A catheter is a tube which is inserted into the arteries and then the dye is injected while the X-ray records the flow. |
| Angioplasty (coronary angioplasty) |
Repairs blocked heart arteries. A deflated balloon is inserted into the blocked vessel, then the balloon expanded to open the vessel. A stent can also be inserted to keep the vessel opening intact.
Non-coronary arteries can also be treated this way, for example leg arteries. This is called peripheral angioplasty.
Similar Kidney blood vessel treatment would be called renal angioplasty. |
| Arrhythmia |
An irregularity of normal heart rhythm. |
| Aorta |
The largest vessel of the body. The aorta receives blood from the main heart pump, called the left ventricle, and brings the blood out to all the other arteries, including the coronary arteries. |
| Arteriosclerosis |
Sclerosis means to harden. Hardening of the blood vessels walls. |
| Atherosclerosis |
Thickening and hardening of blood vessel walls by fatty deposits, calcium and blood cell products. Athero refers to fatty deposits. |
| Cardiac |
Pertaining to the heart. |
| Chronic |
Meaning long term or established (as opposed to acute, which mean sudden or of recent origin). |
| Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) |
Disease of the vessels suppling the heart with blood. |
| Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) |
Failure of the heart muscles to pump effectively, causing fluid to back up into the lungs. |
| Coronary Arteries |
The arteries that supply the heart muscle with blood. There are two main coronary arteries, the right and left. Indiviual hearts vary as to which artery is dominant. There are other important coronary arteries, including the posterior descending artery and circumflex artery. |
CT Scanning Angiography
Multi Slice Computed Tomography
MSCT
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Newer technique that uses a CT scanner to visualize the coronary arteries. Called 'Multi Slice' systems, 16 up to 256 slice scanners, these higher radiation machines make 3D pictures of the beating heart. The images can be rotated to allow better analysis by the radiologist and cardiologist. |
| Dyspnea |
Shortness of breath (When doctors refer to 'SOB', shortness of breath is what they are usually referring to!) |
| Ischemia |
Shortable of blood to an organism. |
| Infarct |
Tissue death caused by loss of blood or blockage of a vessel to an organ. A myocardial infarct or MI is damage or death of some heart muscle tissue due to blockage of blood to the heart muscle. |
| Myocardium |
Myo refers to muscle. Myocardium refers to the muscles of the heart. |
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Featured Angina| Acute Coronary Syndrome and Heart Disease Interviews
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Author Interview: Claes Held MD
Associate professor at Uppsala Clinical Research Center and the
Cardiology department at Uppsala University Hospital in Sweden
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Publication:
Physical activity levels, ownership of goods promoting sedentary behaviour and risk of myocardial infarction: results of the INTERHEART study
Eur Heart J first published online January 11, 2012 doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr432
2012 doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr432
Claes Held, Romaina Iqbal, Scott A. Lear, Annika Rosengren, Shofiqul Islam,James Mathew, and Salim Yusuf
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What are the main findings of the study?
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The main findings are he following:
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It is well known that physical inactivity is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease.
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Our study shows that being physically active reduces the risk of having a heart attack.
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Older studies have mostly studied people in the developed countries. This study which has a global perspective and includes 52 countries from all continents, shows that physical inactivity reduces the risk also in both low- middle-and high-income countries.
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We also found that ownership of a car and TV was associated with a more than doubled risk of being sedentary and that in low- and middle income the risk for a heart attack was increased with 27 %.
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We can however, not conclude from this study that there is a causal relationship but it is an interesting finding.
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Were any of the findings unexpected?
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We looked at the relationship between physical activity both at work and during leisure time.
A bit surprising was that people with heavy physical labor did not have a reduction in the risk of heart attacks, whereas people with both mild and moderate intensity did.
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What should clinicians and patients take away from this study?
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The main findings above and also that physical activity with duration below the recommended 30 minutes/day does seem to prevent from heart attacks as well although not as much as when you do it according to guidelines.
This may be a comfort to those who are completely sedentary and feel that it would be a too big step to move to the 30 minutes/day right away.
All PA does a good job for the heart as compared to not doing anything at all!
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What recommendations do you have for cardiology health care providers as a result of your study?
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It would be interesting to follow up on the ownership of car and TV and do a prospective study to see if the theory holds true.
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Publication:
Short Telomere Length, Myocardial Infarction, Ischemic Heart Disease, and Early Death
- Maren Weischer, Stig E. Bojesen, Richard M. Cawthon, Jacob J. Freiberg,
Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, and Børge G. Nordestgaard
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011;ATVBAHA.111.237271published online before print December 22 2011, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.237271 |
What are the main findings of the study?
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One in four Danes have reduced telomere length, that is, increased cellular ageing, and a 25% increased risk of early death and a 50% increased risk of heart attack.
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Were any of the findings unexpected?
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Yes, previous smaller studies have suggested much larger risk increases for early death and heart attack, while we found more modest risk estimates.
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What should clinicians and patients take away from this study?
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A possible prospect of the study is a simple blood test done by the general practitioner, which will reveal a person’s telomeric length and thereby the cellular wear and age.
If the celluar wear is more than expected by age alone, this could be a "wake-up call" suggesting for the patient that now is maybe the time to stop smoking and lose weight.
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What recommendations do you have for cardiology health care providers as a result of your study?
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We need to know if smoking and obesity is the direct cause of reduced telomeric length and thereby increased cellular wear, and whether decreased telomeric length is a direct cause of heart attack and early death.
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Keywords and tags:
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Angina | Heart Disease Resourses
| Chest Pain
Amazon.com 's Editorial Reviews
Angina: New Ways to Treat
Chronic Chest Pain
Part of the award winning public television series Healthy head
/Healthy Mind. It's one of the scariest medical symptoms for people who are generally healthy: a tightening, painful feeling in the chest known as Angina. In some cases this chest pain can be a serious warning that requires immediate treatment. But for the millions of people with chronic, stable angina the discomfort is something that can be readily managed with a variety of treatments. In this program we take a look at what generally causes angina, what can be done to prevent it and how it can be effectively treated with lifestyle changes, innovative drug therapies and medical procedures.
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Amazon.com Editorial Review:
Philips HeartStart Home Defibrillator (AED)
Be prepared for the unexpected.
When sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) strikes, the electrical system of the heart short circuits, causing the heart to quiver rather than pump in a normal rhythm. It typically results in the abnormal heart rhythm know as ventricular fibrillation (VF). It usually happens without warning and the majority of people have no previously recognized symptoms of heart disease. And it most often happens at home. For the best chance of survival from SCA caused by VF, a defibrillator should be used within 5 minutes. Yet, less than 1 in 20 people survive largely because a defibrillator does not arrive in time.
Just as seat belts or airbags do not save every life in a traffic accident, a defibrillator will not save every person who suffers a sudden cardiac arrest. Yet many lives could be saved if more people could be reached more quickly.
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Angina.com Tag Cloud | Angina Keywords
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